Sand Battery Sand - A sand battery is a high-temperature thermal energy storage system that utilizes sand to store excess renewable energy. Using resistance heating, surplus electricity from solar or wind sources heats the sand to over 500°C. This stored heat can then be transferred to air, which circulates through a system of pipes. The sand acts as an efficient thermal reservoir, capable of storing heat for several months. When energy demand rises, the system releases the heat via hot air, which is directed into a heat exchanger to warm water—providing a sustainable and on-demand energy solution.